Toddlers are full of energy and curiosity, which often leads to minor injuries. As a parent or caregiver, having basic knowledge of first aid can make a significant difference in providing immediate care and ensuring the well-being of your child. In this article, we’ll look at some essential techniques.

Cuts and scrapes

For minor cuts and scrapes, start by washing the wound with mild soap and running water to cleanse it. Use a clean cloth or sterile gauze to apply gentle pressure to stop any bleeding. Apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment and cover the wound with a sterile bandage. Monitor the wound for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or pus, and seek medical attention if necessary.

Bruises and bumps

For bruises and bumps, immediately apply a cold compress or an ice pack wrapped in a cloth to the affected area. This helps reduce swelling and soothes the pain. Keep the cold compress on for 10–15 minutes at a time, and repeat the process as needed. If there is any concern about a head injury or unusual behaviour following a bump, seek medical attention.

Burns

Remove the hot or burning item. Remove any clothing or jewellery, including nappies.

For all burns, run cool water over the affected area for at least 15-20 minutes to relieve pain and prevent further tissue damage. I always tell patients that the best place to take their child in this instance is the shower. Stand in there with them. Avoid using ice or icy water, as it can cause additional harm. Cover the burn loosely with a sterile non-stick dressing or cling film or plastic bag. Do not apply ointments or creams to the burn. Give some pain relief medicine. Seek medical attention for severe burns, deep burns, or burns on the face, hands, or genital area.

Choking

If a toddler is choking and unable to cough or breathe, act quickly. Perform age-appropriate back blows (hit them firmly on their back between the shoulder blades to create a strong vibration and pressure in the airway, which is often enough to dislodge the blockage, according to the British Red Cross), and then abdominal thrusts (previously known as the Heimlich manoeuvre) by standing or kneeling behind the child, placing your arms around their waist, and applying firm upward pressure.

If the child is conscious but still having difficulty breathing, encourage them to cough and monitor the situation closely. If the choking persists, seek immediate medical help.

Nosebleeds

When a toddler has a nosebleed, have them sit upright and slightly tilt their head forward. Gently pinch the soft part of their nose, just above the nostrils, and hold it for 10-15 minutes while the child breathes through their mouth. Applying a cold compress to the bridge of the nose can also help reduce bleeding. If the nosebleed doesn't stop after 20 minutes or is accompanied by a head injury, seek medical attention.

Insect bites and stings

For insect bites and stings, remove the stinger if present by scraping it gently with a flat object like a credit card. Do not use tweezers, as they can release toxins from the stinger. Wash the area with mild soap and water, and apply a cold compress or ice pack to reduce swelling and relieve itching. Calamine lotion can help with itchiness. Monitor for signs of an allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, and seek medical attention if necessary.

Sprains and strains

For minor sprains and strains, follow the RICE protocol: Rest the injured limb, ice the area for 10-15 minutes at a time, use a compression bandage to reduce swelling, and elevate the limb to reduce pain and swelling. If the pain persists or there is severe swelling or deformity, seek medical attention.

What are the first aid basics I should know to help an injured child?

From Unii's Toddler Health & Development Journey, we share some essential first aid advice.