While most mothers come to expect morning sickness and fatigue during pregnancy, they may not be prepared for sore and bleeding gums. Now, that’s not to say that swollen gums are a given for pregnant women. In fact, many women will see no change in their gums throughout the entirety of their pregnancy. However, some women will experience sore, swollen and sometimes even bleeding gums.

So, what causes sore and bleeding gums during pregnancy?

As you’ll well know, a mother’s body goes through significant hormonal changes both during pregnancy and after birth. One such hormonal shift causes greater gum vulnerability to plaque (a sticky substance that builds up on and around teeth and causes bacteria to multiply). This then leads to inflammation, swelling and bleeding.

So, what can be done?

How do I take care of my teeth and gums during pregnancy?

If you find that your gums are sore and even bleeding as you brush, the very best thing you can do is practise good oral hygiene. Don’t hesitate to see your dentist, since they can help you to make sure you’re brushing correctly and offer advice on the very best toothpaste and brush. In fact, in some areas of the world, such as the UK, dental care is free for pregnant women, so it’s worth speaking to your dentist and seeing what’s available for you. Then schedule in a few regular check-ups.

To practise good oral hygiene, follow the below advice:

Clean your teeth and gums gently and carefully twice a day for 2 minutes using fluoride toothpaste.

Floss once a day so as to remove any small bits of food trapped between teeth and gums.

A smaller brush head with soft bristles is recommended.

Pregnant women should avoid mouthwash that contains alcohol.

Try to avoid sugary drinks, including sweet tea or coffee, and acidic foods.

If you’re a smoker, it’s best for both you, your gums and your baby to quit.

Opt for fruit, veg, cheese or yoghurt as a snack between meals. These foods are less acidic and harmful to teeth.

For sore gums, a daily rinse of salt water can help to reduce inflammation. Just be careful not to swallow the salty water.

If you suffer from morning sickness, wait at least 20 minutes before brushing. This allows the saliva in your mouth to break down any harmful acids. You should also wait 20 minutes before brushing after meals and snacks.

Do not hesitate to see your doctor or hygienist if your gums are sore, swollen or bleeding.

Are bleeding gums normal in pregnancy?