Every parent strives for a well-nourished baby that is growing and developing as well as possible. Even as you work on planning their early, balanced diet, however, there are several common nutritional issues that might trouble you. In this article, we offer some peace of mind through information and advice.

Iron deficiency anaemia

Iron is a mineral your baby needs for growth, especially for muscle development. Breast milk does contain iron, but it may not be enough for some babies. Premature babies or those born at a low birth weight may need an iron-fortified formula or supplements.

Iron supplements can safely be given at four months, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. The AAP recommends that infants who only consume breast milk get an iron supplement of 1 milligramme for every kilogramme of body weight starting at 4 months old. If your infant is on an iron-fortified formula, a supplement may not be necessary. Without intervention, a child whose diet does not provide them with enough iron will eventually develop iron deficiency anaemia.

In addition to iron-fortified formula or supplements, you can also offer iron-rich foods to your baby when you begin their complementary feeding at around six months. Think green vegetables, legumes, tofu, fish, and meat. These foods should be introduced gradually and in small amounts, as babies may find them tough to digest. Ask your doctor about how to ensure a baby under a year is getting enough vitamin C to properly absorb iron. Babies under a year old should not be given fruit juice.

Vitamin D deficiency

Your baby needs vitamin D for strong bones and teeth; it is primarily obtained through sunlight exposure. For infants, particularly those who are exclusively breastfed, it is advisable to give a vitamin D supplement. Formula-fed infants may not need a supplement, as most formula is fortified with vitamin D.

Common food allergies

Common food allergens include cow's milk, eggs, nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat. There is some evidence that if you have a family history of food allergies, your baby may have a genetic predisposition towards them.

To avoid or minimise the impact of adverse reactions, try to introduce these allergenic foods one at a time and in small amounts when your baby begins complementary feeding. You should try to keep a food diary for your baby if possible and wait a few days before introducing another new food. These steps can help you identify any potential food allergies or intolerances.

Your doctor can confirm a suspected food allergy and provide guidance on management, as well as related food triggers you should avoid feeding your baby. Some food allergies disappear with age; others are for life. Every baby is different. Consult a registered dietitian or doctor with nutritional qualifications for advice on keeping your child’s diet balanced while avoiding allergy triggers.

Overfeeding and obesity

Every parent wants to ensure their child is well fed, but it can be difficult to understand which food quantities are normal. Babies' stomachs are tiny, and erfeeding can occur when they are given too much formula or breast milk or when they begin complementary feeding too early (as we’ve discussed earlier in this journey, the recommended age to begin introducing solid foods is six months).

Keep a close eye on your baby's hunger and fullness cues, and avoid forcing them to finish a bottle or plate of food to prevent overfeeding. Don’t use food as a reward, bribe, or punishment. Overeat nutrient-dense foods instead of high-calorie options with empty calories.

As your baby grows, it is vital to encourage physical activity and limit sedentary indoor activities. By avoiding overfeeding and keeping your child active, you will reduce the likelihood of obesity.

What are some common nutritional concerns for babies?

From Unii’s Baby Nutrition Journey, this article covers common deficiencies, allergies, and other parental worries.