Should you and your partner go for genetic testing before trying to have a baby? This can be an important tool that can help you make informed decisions about your family’s future, but we won’t pretend the answer is universal—genetic testing also comes with some caveats and natural concerns. We hope that this article helps make deciding what is right for you easier.

What is a genetic disorder?

Your DNA sometimes has anomalies that result in genetic disorders. They can be sporadic or inherited from one or both sides of your family, including from your grandparents. There are a wide variety of genetic disorders, and they vary widely in severity, from mild to life-threatening.

How do I find out if I’ll pass (or am passing) one onto my baby?

You can be tested for a number of conditions yourself. Carrier testing is used to determine if you have one copy of a mutated gene but don’t have the disorder yourself. Your child’s chances of having a disorder increase if your partner has this same gene. Your baby can be tested before birth by methods such as amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).

Newborn screening is a routine test that is done shortly after a baby is born to identify genetic disorders that may not be immediately apparent. The extent of this screening may depend on your location and the time your child is born, as research and decision-making for this process are constantly evolving. Diagnostic testing is used to diagnose a genetic disorder in a baby who is already experiencing symptoms.

What are the benefits of having these tests?

Genetic testing can result in early detection, which in turn allows for earlier treatment and management of symptoms if possible. You and your partner may like to use what you learn to make decisions about your family planning, including whether to conceive naturally, use assisted reproductive technologies, or consider adoption. You might also like to take these tests for your own peace of mind, though please also be aware of the risks below.

What are the risks of genetic testing?

Genetic testing sometimes produces false positives, which can be unnecessarily frightening if you are found to be capable of passing on a condition you can’t. Frustratingly, they can also produce false negative results. Genetic testing can be an emotionally tumultuous experience that might not produce information you can use or that is even correct. There is also a degree of privacy loss involved in this testing that you may find upsetting.

How do I know if it’s right for me?

Preconception testing recommended by your doctor should be taken seriously. If you don’t get this kind of advice, deciding whether to undergo genetic testing is essentially a personal decision that depends on many factors, including your family history, your personal and religious values, and your individual health concerns. Strong communication with your doctor or genetic counsellor is important for truly personalised recommendations based on your situation.

What are my genetic testing options while trying to get pregnant?

For Unii’s Preconception Journey, we look at genetic testing options for those considering a baby.