Toddlers are at a crucial stage of growth and development, and it is essential that they receive a well-balanced and varied diet. If the diet is not balanced, without intervention, your toddler may develop nutritional deficiencies.

Iron deficiency

Iron is a mineral nutrient that helps to produce haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Iron deficiency is a common problem in toddlers, and it can lead to anaemia, which can cause poor weight gain, dizziness, and weakness, as well as developmental delays.

Iron-rich foods include red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, tofu, fortified cereals, fortified breads, and dark leafy greens such as spinach.

Toddlers who consume a vegetarian or vegan diet may be at higher risk of iron deficiency and may need to take an iron supplement. Vitamin C can help them absorb iron, so it is beneficial to pair iron-rich foods with vitamin C-rich foods such as potatoes, tomatoes, citrus fruits, strawberries, and bell peppers. Other foods that can help iron absorption include allium spices such as onion and garlic. Some foods can negatively impact iron absorption, such as the tannins in tea. Tea is not recommended for children. An excessive amount of calcium in the diet can also reduce iron absorption at this age; however, calcium is still important in the correct amounts in your toddler’s diet, as we discuss elsewhere on this Unii Journey.

Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D keeps your bones healthy by supporting the body’s calcium absorption. Toddlers who do not receive enough vitamin D could develop rickets, a condition that causes weak bones and deformities. The primary source of vitamin D is sunlight (you probably protect your toddler’s skin with SPF50, which can impact vitamin D absorption but is still very important), but it can also be found in fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna, as well as egg yolks and red meat, and fortified foods such as milk, orange juice, and cereals. However, it can be challenging to get enough vitamin D through diet alone, and you may be advised to give your child a supplement daily.

Calcium deficiency

Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth. Rich sources include dairy products like milk, cheese, and yoghurt, as well as fortified orange juice, bread, and cereals. However, supplements can help toddlers who are unable to get the calcium they require through foods alone.

How can I keep my toddler from becoming nutrient-deficient?

You can prevent nutrient deficiencies by offering a variety of healthy foods from all five food groups. Make sure your little one is eating fortified foods and taking supplements when necessary, as well as getting an adequate intake of vitamin C to support their iron absorption. Try to avoid giving them sugary and processed foods, which promote tooth decay and displace nutrient-rich foods in the diet, among other disadvantages. You should also encourage outdoor play to promote vitamin D synthesis while keeping your child sun-safe.

What are some common nutrient deficiencies in toddlers?

On Unii’s Toddler Nutrition Journey, we look at common nutritional deficiencies in toddlers.