Toddlers are adorably curious, eagerly exploring the world around them. However, their developing immune systems render them susceptible to various common illnesses, especially as they embark on nursery adventures and mix with other, potentially virus-carrying tiny explorers. This article covers toddler illnesses and when you should seek professional medical care. Remember, your doctor would much prefer to detect potential problems early, so don't hesitate to reach out if you have concerns.

Fever

Fever is often a sign that your toddler’s body is battling an infection, most commonly of viral origin. You can manage a fever at home with appropriate fever-reducing medications and plenty of fluids, but some circumstances warrant medical attention. These include fevers lasting for more than a few days, high fever (exceeding 104°F or 40°C), or accompanying symptoms such as laboured breathing, irritability, lethargy, headaches, or rashes.

Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections, including the common cold, flu, and croup, are common in toddlers. Symptoms often include coughing, sneezing, congestion, and a mild fever. You can often manage these infections at home with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter remedies. However, if your child has severe difficulty breathing, a high fever, a persistent cough, or shows signs of dehydration, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. For conditions like croup, with its distinctive "barking cough," immediate attention at A&E is essential.

Gastrointestinal Issues

Toddlers can be adventurous with their eating, which can sometimes lead to gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhoea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Most cases can be managed with fluid replacement therapy, available over the counter at any pharmacy. If your child doesn't like the taste, try diluted squash. However, seek medical attention if you notice severe dehydration (characterised by drier nappies, lethargy, sunken eyes, and dry lips), blood in stools or vomit, persistent vomiting, or if symptoms persist for an extended period.

Ear Infections

Ear pain, tugging at the ear, difficulty sleeping, fever, and restlessness are common toddler complaints as they develop. While some infections improve with child-friendly pain relief, it's worth calling a doctor if the symptoms worsen or persist for more than a day or two.

Skin Infections

Toddlers' desire to explore and limited understanding of hygiene make them susceptible to skin infections such as diaper rash, fungal infections, and impetigo. In most cases, you can manage things by keeping your child clean and providing over-the-counter pharmacy remedies. Call your doctor if an infection becomes aggravated or if your toddler develops a high fever alongside a skin infection.

Allergies

Skin rashes, hives, itching, sneezing, and wheezing indicate an allergic reaction in your toddler. Parents and caregivers should protect them from food, environmental, and other triggers. However, if reactions are as severe as difficulty breathing or show signs of anaphylaxis (e.g., swelling of the face, lips, or throat), get them immediate medical attention. Calling an ambulance can ensure life-saving treatment.

Common Illnesses and When to Seek Medical Attention

Unii highlights common toddler illnesses, as well as symptoms that mean you should call the doctor.